The evaluation of vertebral compression fracture begins with a history and physical exam.

Physical findings in someone with a vertebral compression fracture may include:

• Back stiffness
• Tenderness over the spine
• Deformed spine:
• The spine is curved forward
• The person is in a bent-over position

Tests are necessary to make the diagnosis of a vertebral compression fracture.

Tests that may be used to evaluate a vertebral compression fracture include:

• X-rays of the spine:
• Normal spine
• Compression fractures
• CT scan of the spine
• MRI scan of the spine
• Bone scan