Insulin therapy is the primary treatment for type 1 diabetes. It may also be used in type 2 diabetes when blood sugar levels cannot be adequately controlled with oral medications.

Insulin reduces sugar levels in the bloodstream by stimulating the body to utilize glucose for energy. Insulin is given by injection, or through an automatic insulin pump. Both methods require regular blood sugar measurements, in order to monitor therapy.

Insulin pumps are small devices that that deliver insulin through a tiny needle placed in the skin. This provides a constant dose of short-acting insulin at all times. The pump can be adjusted to release extra insulin before a meal.

Insulin injection therapy involves injections of short, intermediate, or long-acting insulin, at different times of the day. Insulin injections may be given 2 to 4 times per day. Insulin doses vary, depending on a person's size, blood sugar level, caloric intake and activity.

A sliding scale is an individualized program that allows short-acting insulin to be given when blood sugar levels become too high. Such a program can be individualized for each person.

Example of Sliding Scale Insulin Dosing

Glucose Reading	Regular Insulin Dosing
140 - 160	2 units, re-check glucose in 2 hrs
200 - 240	4 units, re-check glucose in 2 hrs
240 - 300	6 units, re-check glucose in 2 hrs
300 - 400	8 units, re-check glucose in 2 hrs
400 - 500	10 units, re-check glucose in 2 hrs
> 500	See doctor now!

Check with your doctor for specific adjustments in sliding scale doses. Your sliding scale dose will vary with your weight, diet, level of activity, and sensitivity to insulin.