The evaluation of periodontal disease begins with a history and physical exam, including a dental exam.

Physical findings in someone with periodontal disease include:

• Bleeding gums
• Dental carries
• Dental plaque
• Face swelling
• Gland swelling in the neck
• Gum redness
• Gum tenderness
• Tooth tenderness
• Pain when tapping on the tooth
• Swollen gums

Tests are not necessary to make the diagnosis of periodontal disease.

Tests that may be used to evaluate periodontal disease include:

• Dental x-rays
• Needle aspiration may be needed to detect a questionable dental abscess.