The evaluation of osteomyelitis begins with a medical history and physical exam.

The medical history in someone with osteomyelitis may include:

• Recent penetrating injury
• Recent surgery
• Intravenous drug abuse
• Sickle cell anemia

Physical findings in someone with osteomyelitis may include:

• Bone tenderness
• Swelling of the soft tissue over the bone
• Skin redness and swelling over the bone
• Fever

Tests that may be used to evaluate osteomyelitis include:

• Complete blood count
• Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
• Blood cultures
• Bone biopsy and culture
• Bone x-rays
• Nuclear bone scan
• MRI scan