The underlying cause for ocular migraines is unknown. Some experts believe that this condition may be in part hereditary. Some factors have been identified that may trigger ocular migraine attacks.

Trigger factors for ocular migraine may include:

• Increased stress
• Timing of menstrual cycle (often the week prior to the onset of the period)
• Alcohol use
• Illness
• Hypoglycemia
• Certain foods:
• Aged cheese
• Alcohol
• Beans
• Caffeine
• Chocolate
• Food additive monosodium glutamate
• Peanuts
• Salted or cured meat
• Sourdough bread
• Tea
• Wine
• Certain drugs:
• Amphetamines
• Asthma medication
• Birth control pills
• Blood pressure medication
• Diet pills
• Estrogen
• Nitrates