Initial treatment for an occupational exposure includes:

• Needle sticks and cuts should be washed with soap and water immediately.
• Splashes to the nose, mouth, or skin: the area should be flushed with water.
• Splashes to the eyes: the eyes should be irrigated with water or eyewash.
• The exposure should be evaluated immediately by an appropriate medical facility or emergency department.

Medical personnel assess the risk of exposure to HIV and hepatitis. If the risk is significant, additional treatment may be warranted.

Additional treatment for an occupational exposure may include:

• Tetanus immunization
• Hepatitis B vaccine
• Antiviral medications against HIV:
• Zidovudine
• Lamivudine