The evaluation of iron deficient anemia begins with a history and physical examination.

Physical findings in someone with iron deficient anemia may include:

• Enlarged spleen
• Jaundice
• Pale skin of anemia
• Rapid pulse
• Retinal hemorrhages

Tests that may be used to evaluate iron deficient anemia include:

• Pulse oximetry
• Complete blood count
• Hemoglobin electrophoresis
• Peripheral blood smear
• Reticulocyte count
• Serum erythropoietin level
• Serum ferritin levels
• Serum iron level
• Stool guaiac
• Total iron binding capacity
• Urinalysis

Tests that may be used to detect additional causes for the anemia include:

• Stool guaiac test for intestinal bleeding
• Upper GI series
• Barium enema
• Colonoscopy
• Sigmoidoscopy
• Upper GI endoscopy