Whenever possible, treatment of glioblastoma multiforme should include surgery to remove the entire cancer. Following surgery, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy may be used to decrease the risk of recurrence. Some tumors are deeply embedded in the brain and surrounded by vital structures or blood vessels. This makes many tumors impossible to remove without damaging other parts of the brain.

Some glioblastoma multiforme may require the placement of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt to correct hydrocephalus (increased fluid pressure inside the brain). A VP shunt is a tube that drains extra fluid from around the brain, into the abdominal cavity. The tube runs from the head to the abdomen, under the skin.