The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that covers the entrance to the windpipe during swallowing. A child with epiglottitis has inflammation of the epiglottis, caused by a bacterial infection. Epiglottitis can cause dangerous swelling of the epiglottis, which can obstruct the windpipe.

Only about 2,000 cases of epiglottitis are reported in the US each year. Early treatment usually results in a complete cure.