Weeks to months following a heart attack, some patients may develop a persistent painful chest. This is called Dressler's syndrome, or postmyocardial infarction syndrome.

This condition is caused by inflammation of the pericardium, which is the membrane surrounding the heart. Dressler's syndrome usually causes pleuritic chest pain, which is worse during a deep breath or coughing. It usually improves when treated with anti-inflammatory medications and pain medications. However, it resolves over time, with or without treatment.