The evaluation of constipation begins with a medical history and physical exam.

Physical findings in those with constipation may include:

• Abdominal swelling

Based on the symptoms and findings, testing may be required.

Tests that may be used to evaluate severe constipation include:

• Abdominal x-rays
• Large intestine obstruction
• Small intestine obstruction
• Volvulus: twisting of the bowel
• Complete blood count
• Kidney profile
• Urinalysis

Less commonly performed tests that may be used to evaluate constipation include:

• Abdominal CT scan
• Upper GI series
• Barium enema
• Colonoscopy
• Sigmoidoscopy