An abnormal area may be visible on the surface of the cervix that is irregular and prone to bleeding. A sore or ulceration on the surface of the cervix or an abnormal PAP smear result may require a biopsy procedure. Colposcopy with cervical biopsy are necessary to confirm the diagnosis of cervical cancer and determine the staging (extent of spread).

Colposcopy is a special viewing tube that contains a light and a magnifying lens. This device helps to guide the biopsy.