The evaluation of anal cancer begins with a history and physical exam.

Physical findings in anal cancer include:

• Tumor in the rectum

The diagnosis of anal cancer requires testing.

Testing for anal cancer may include:

• Stool guaiac testing
• Complete blood count
• Liver profile
• Kidney profile
• Urinalysis
• Anoscopy
• Anal biopsy
• Colonoscopy
• Sigmoidoscopy

Imaging studies for anal cancer may include:

• Barium enema
• CT scan of the abdomen
• MRI scan of the abdomen