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stages
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Anal cancer stages include: - Stage 0: cancer is only found in the top layer of anal tissue
- Stage I: cancer has spread beyond the top layer of anal tissue, but has not spread to the muscle that makes up the rectal sphincter. The tumor is smaller than 2 centimeters (1 inch) in diameter.
- Stage II: cancer has spread beyond the top layer of anal tissue, but has not spread to nearby organs. The tumor is larger than 2 centimeters in diameter.
- Stage IIIa: cancer has spread to lymph nodes near the anus or nearby organs, such as the vagina or bladder.
- Stage IV: cancer has spread to distant lymph nodes within the abdomen or to organs in other parts of the body.
- Recurrent anal cancer: cancer starts to grow again, after it has been treated.
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